Wendys Old Fashioned Hamburgersis

Wendys Old Fashioned Hamburgersis1. Executive SummaryWendys Old Fashioned Hamburgersis an transnational fast food kitchen stove restaurant founded byDave Thomason November 15, 1969, inColumbus, Ohio, and locomote its headquarters toDublin, Ohioon January 29, 2006. Wendys was Americas national food, and the worlds trinity largest hamburger fast food chain with approximately 6,700 locations. On April 24, 2008, the comp some(prenominal) announced a merger withTriarc, which is the pargonnt company ofArbys. Following the merger, Triarc came to be known asWendys/Arbys Group. Arbys Group is the p bent company of Wendys, and is a publicly traded company. Arbys group of restaurants is a wholly owned subsidiary of Wendys/Arbys Group, Inc.This report go away be focusing on Wendys Burgers of the Wendys/Arbys Group. The main aim of this report is to investigate and analyze the market activities of Wendys Burgers.What is the Wendys orientation? What be the strengths, impuissancees, opportu nities, and threats (SWOT) of Wendys? What ar the agonistic advantages of Wendys? What is the impact of Wendys merchandising mix? And its positive and negative effects on the market and competitors in standardised segment.This report in its further course, forget try to address the above questions and more(prenominal).2.INTRODUCTIONWendys/Arbys Group is the p atomic number 18nt company of Wendys, and is a well known publicly traded company. Approximately 77% of Wendys restaurants are franchised, the absolute majority of which are located in North America. Wendys and its affiliates, employs more than 46,000 peck in its global operations. In fiscal year 2006, the firm had $9.45 one thousand thousand (USD) in total sales.While Wendys sets its standards for out(prenominal) gunstock appearance, food quality and plug-in, private owners obtain control over the hours of operations, interior dcor/design, pricing, staff uniforms and their wages.Wendys ended the fiscal year 2007 with just downstairs 6000 Wendys Old Fashioned Hamburgers restaurants in operation. Of these, 1,274 (21%) were company owned and operated by the company itself while the remaining 4,662 restaurants were franchised. In addition to Wendys Old Fashioned Hamburgers, Wendys has invested in the cafe Express and Pasta Pomodoro restaurant chain, owning 70% and 29% of those chains, respectively. Until 2006 Wendys International, Inc. also owned the Tim Hortons and Baja Fresh franchises.The chain is known for itssquareground beef patties in itshamburgers and the Frosty, a form of fruity serve grump cream mixed with fixed starches contracted from potato merchandises. The mood for Wendys old fashioned hamburgers was actually inspired by Dave Thomass trips toKewpee Hamburgersin his home townspeople ofKalamazoo, Michigan. The Kewpee sold square hamburgers and thick malt shakes, a good deal like the well-known restaurant that Thomas eventually founded inColumbus, Ohio, in 1969. Thomas name d the restaurant after his fourth part childMelinda Lou Wendy Thomas.3.WENDYS ORIENTATIONNature of demandOver the past century, market for fast food has change magnituded drastically, time being one of the major constraints. A recessional in the early 1980s, combined with high beef prices and Wendys explosive as well as threatening growth incited the burger wars. Wendys moved into the phone number three head behind McDonalds and Burger fairy, fueled by its introduction of a chainwide salad bar, complainer breast sandwiches, fish sandwiches, and baked potatoes.Extent of demandAs of December 2006, Wendys was Americas national food, and the worlds third largest hamburger fast food chain with approximately 6,700 locations. Approximately 77% of Wendys restaurants arefranchised and the majority of which are located in North America. Wendys and its affiliates employs more than 46,000 people in its global operations. In fiscal year 2006, the firm had $9.45 billion (USD) in total sale s and earned total revenue of $2.5 billion (USD) in 2007. druthersWendys tries to sense the nodes needs and demands. This proves that the company is purely marketing oriented. Wendys puts in much effort for orientation towards the marketplace and its market share. Companies have their respective beliefs concerning their marketing efforts which are usually varied from company to company. The challenging concepts beneath which companies perform their marketing activities are as followsWendys harvest-festivalion purposeCustomers are attracted to those ingatherings which are readily on tap(predicate) and cheaper in price. Organizations following this concept gets on accomplishing the large production competence, minimal embodys and bulk distri only ifion.Wendys increase Concept The way that Wendys Old Fashioned Hamburgers does trade and markets its products to consumers is due to the change in our society to where the consumer wants the biggest, quickest, and best product that they can get for their money. Wendys introduced healthier options amid rising obesity levels and a general interest in healthier foods, some fast-food companies have been going in the opposite direction, introducing ever more calorific and fat-laden burgers in a bid to win customers.Wendys Selling ConceptThe concept of ready-cooked food for sale is the primitive and foremost selling concept of Wendys burgers. Wendys uses fresh, never frozen beef/fresh ground beef in their hamburgers. Wendys has moved in line with the Quick Service Restaurant or QSR industry and has been bringing to offer healthy food choices. Wendys has added sandwiches and salads to its menu, and offers side dish substitutes for French fry like salads for health conscious customers.Wendys Marketing conceptMarketing is the science of actualizing the buying potentials of a market for a specific product. It in turn reflects a selling concept because it centers on promoting a product rather than meeting a defined ar ea of consumer needs. The marketing concept sidetracks the basic conflict betwixt the buyer and the seller. Consumers want good quantity and quality products for less prices, where as producers wants to sell at high prices. The marketing concept does not provide a solution to the classic bargaining problem which is widely prevalent.Holistic Marketing ConceptThis involves development, design and implementation of marketing programs, processes, and activities that recognizes organizations breadth and inter-dependencies. Precisely, this concept is an approach to marketing that tries to identify and resolve the luck and difficulties of marketing activities. in that location are 4 main elements in Holistic marketing namely (Kotler and Keller 2006 16)* Integrated marketing involving communications, products services, channels.* companionable responsibility marketing involving Ethics, Environment, Legal and Community.* Relationship marketing involving Customers, Channel and Partners.* Internal marketing involving Marketing department, senior management and other departments.Wendys strictly follows the above concepts as it includes most of the marketing activities.Wendys Business StrategiesWendys new dodging puts its food products on center stage and changes its media-buying habits to zero in more narrowly on various market segments. TV spots and print ads will focus on specific audiences instead of delivering the same message to all demographic groups, tailoring the messages to the infallible audiences, broadening its scope.In addition, the nearly 6,700-unit chain will advertise on the Internet to attract boyisher consumers and use a character named Smart jog to appeal to them in TV spots/advertisements.Globally, all the Wendys employees work together to achieve in Driving Growth, Funding Growth and become Best say to Work.4.S.W.O.T AnalysisSWOT analysis is a structured approach for evaluating the strategic position of a business by indentifying its Streng ths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (Jobber 2007 63). To get a clear idea of Wendys/Arbys groups outlook, it is useful to analyze the restaurants Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT). Additionally, a SWOT analysis summarizes the outcome of marketing audit of the company (Jobber 2007 61).Positive factorsInternal factorsNegative or potential to be negativeStrengthsWeaknessesOpportunitiesThreats orthogonal factorsStrengthsPositive, tangible and intangible attri exceptes internal to an organization and within the organizations control forms the strengths of a company.* A strength in Wendys manufacturing is that their food is known for its glowing and quality.* This quality of food is said to be one of the main reasons why Wendys has outpaced the annual sales gain of McDonalds from 1998 to 2002 (Industry Surveys, 2003, p. 3).* The expert management system of Wendys burgers adds to its much strength in time managing and store managing skills.* The pleasant atmos phere of all the Wendys stores adds appreciate to its strong customer oriented approach.* Hamburgers are made with fresh, never frozen beef which is a huge hit with the customers.* Being a Global brand, Wendys is capable of general expansion with huge market left to be tapped and consumer abode to capture.* Strong supply chain is one of the mark strengths of Wendys burgers with the suppliers meeting the fast food chains constant demand for the in time supply of knifelike materials in turn meeting the customers requirements.* Another major strength of Wendys is its mid night push plan, it is operating its stores after the mid night also, which attracts the teenage and young people a lot.* One of the major strength of the Wendys is its nutritional valued menu for the people who are maintaining a balanced diet.* Wendys is the first restaurant which is crack a special menu for children and even for the kids.WeaknessesInternal factors within an organizations control that detract fr om the organizations ability to attain the desired goal are the weaknesses of an organization.* A manufacturing weakness could be that it will be difficult for Wendys to make dramatic proceedss in the area of store management in the future.* Breakfast menu Wendys experimented with serving eat for a short time, but the endeavor was unsuccessful due to several issues.* Constant management changes have lead to a reduction in customer as well as employee satisfaction hindering its growth and expansion.* The franchisee stores are given freedom to have their own store atmosphere and layout and also employee uniforms.* steep dependence on a major country is the main weakness of the Wendys. Though it is globalized, it was operating mostly in ground forces and Canada. In the year 2007, more than 70% of its revenue is from the USA, this phenomenon leads to loss in profit rates in planetary market.* The Wendys spreading of its stores is relatively very less, when compared to its close ri vals, McDonalds and Burger King. The McDonalds opening 200 stores per year, the Burger King is opening at a rate of 150 per year, but Wendys is opening only 50 stores per year, so the expansion of business is very less comparatively.OpportunitiesExternal attractive factors that represent the reason for an organization to exist and develop. Brand recognition is the significant factor affecting their competitive position.* Wendys international brand image gives it a scope for expansion into International markets.* Recession has little or no effect on the fast food industry which provides a great luck for growth and expansion.* Wendys was the first to introduce fish sandwich making its mark and grabbing a huge market share.* Rising of restaurant business in USA is great opportunity for Wendys. According to the Forbs magazine survey, in the year 2007 more than 25% of USA government revenue from fast food sector. The reasons for increment in convenient food consumption is, increasing sin gle parent families, dual working households, no time for active cooking at home, hike in living standards of people and so on Wendys can utilize this as a great opportunity to increase its business* Increasing population of teenagers and young people is a great opportunity for Wendys, as it was targeting them. According to the census in 2008, more than 40% of American people are teenagers, which was a great opportunity for Wendys.* Increasing opportunities in developing countries like China and India. In 2007 Wendys make one percent of its revenue from India and ii percent from China, remedy to be increased. There is a great opportunity for Wendys to develop its business in developing countries as there is less operating cost when compared to the developed countries.ThreatsExternal factors beyond the organizations control which could place the organization mission or operation at risk.* Accusation Wendys was accused recently as a consumer found a man finger in one of its item ( Chili). Such kind of accusations would surely affect the brand image and high chances of drop in the market share. often time and money is consumed to regain the lost share of the fast food market.* Competitors Wendys faces stiff competition in the overall fast food industry, as McDonalds holds a dominating 18% share of the market with Wendys and Burger King holding shares of approximately 2% each. In recent years Wendys has been lagging behind McDonalds and Burger King in same store sales growth, an indicator of how established franchises are faring in the market. In addition to traditional hamburger-based fast food restaurants, Wendys must compete with chains such as Subway, Yum Brands (YUM) and Jack In The Box (JBX). * Controversy Wendys found itself the focus of a boycott bygay rightsgroups when the company pulled advertizing from the sitcomEllenin 1997, which it deemed controversial.* Illnesses caused by food are the major threat for any fast food company. Though more care was interpreted, there was chance of food borne illnesses like e coli, gastric anesthetize etc. This was a major threat for Wendys.* Food storage and transportation is also a major threat for Wendys. As it is more difficult to store raw materials as there are highly vulnerable to decomposition.* Targeting a particular section of people is a major threat for Wendys, as it is targeting the teenagers only. This leads to a loss in the satisfaction of people of other sections.* International Business expansion Limiting the business to the USA is the major threat to Wendys at international level. Limiting the business may leads to limiting the globalization and decreasing the brand name, profits and sales.StrengthsWeaknessesOpportunitiesMake the most of theseWatch competition closelyThreatsRestore strengths strategical turn around required4.1 .ConclusionWendys/Arbys group has to maintain all their strengths and grab all the opportunities. On the other hand, Wendys/Arbys group should sooner overcome all its weaknesses and work harder in overcoming the threats.5.Competitive AdvantageCompetitive advantage is the achievement of superior performance through differentiation to provide superior customer value or by managing to achieve lowest delivered cost (Jobber 2007 27).Competitive FactorsFactors like being the third largest chain restaurant, having a large market share in USA and its target consumers being teenagers who form a majority of consumer base are considered as the competitive factors by Wendys.Product Strength Lack of differentiation- Consumers have accessibility to similar menu that is used by other hamburger chains of the same segment. Hence fulfilling consumers needs. Unique patty shape- Wendys burgers have a unique square wrought patty instead of a regular round patty, which other hamburger chains use.Customer Loyalty and Satisfaction Convenience- The ease of accessibility of its stores by deploying them in prime locations adds to consumers convenience. Sp eed of service- Implementing drive through and home delivery system in all its stores to attain speedy customer service.Market Share triad largest company in QSR or Quick Service Restaurants Introduction of new products like fish sandwich, square shaped fresh ground beef patty, salads in its breakfast menu, etc have been introduced by Wendys. Fifth in terms of highest total revenue generated next to McDonalds Corporation, Doctors Associates, Yum Brands and Jack in the Box.Customer Concentration Location variables saddle horse up Wendys restaurants where the potential consumer(working class, teenagers, etc) concentration is high. Strengthen penetration To attain a firm grip in the market where it is already existing.Cost Control alter distribution center Wendys has the strongest supply chain management system which is very efficient in saving unnecessary expenses thus trim down the number of distributing centers in turn cutting down on costs. Reduce labor costs Costs associat ed with labor is a major factor in the success of any business. Wendys labor costs include upper management, but the bulk of Wendys employees are the workers at individual restaurants. Wendys achieved to cut labor cost by downsizing the number of managers from 3.6 to 3.3 by June of 2007. Wendys expects that this will not only decrease labor costs but also enhance efficiency at individual restaurants as they have found that a high number of managers can result in di mass of responsibility and confusion. In 2007 Wendys total operating costs were approximately $2.29 billion while total revenue was about $2.45 billion, leaving a slim operating income of approximately $156 million. If Wendys labor cost reduction initiative can successfully decrease labor costs without negatively impacting revenues, Wendys could see a substantial increase margins and operating profits. http//cdn.wikinvest.com/i/px.gif Economies of scale- Economies of Scale is achieved by balancing the capital invested and reducing costs.Investments International fast food market is the best place to invest in as far as Wendys investment options are considered. Research on untapped foreign markets in order to gain knowledge for future investments.Forces that Affect Competition The Economy caused businesses everywhere to focus on low cost to the customer, this presents a problem when every firm lowers its prices. The end result is that the low price becomes the new standard so competition now lies in value. Wendys has taken this road before during the inflationary period of the 1970s, with the slogan tincture is Our Recipe. The Super Size Me Documentary also affected competition among the major fastfood chain restaurants. Caused a public backlash against fast-food restaurants. In response to the 2004 film, Wendys introduced the Chicken Temptation selections to their existing menu.Competing in the Industry Overall Wendys needs to stand by their strategy of creating a niche market by way of their side dish offerings. Expand competition base by being innovative and effective.5.1.ConclusionThe major competitive advantage of Wendys is Healthy Fast Food.6.Marketing Mix Analysis The tools available to a business to gain the reaction it is seeking from its target market in semblance to its marketing objectives 7Ps Price, Product, promotion, Place, great deal, Process, Physical Environment Traditional 4Ps extended to encompass growth of service industryMarketing strategy is generally obtained by the 3 key elements namely the target markets, competitors targets and the competitive advantage (Anderson 2008). Once the marketing strategy is finalized, the company starts looking into the facts of the marketing mix. Marketing mix is the set of controllable, tactical marketing tools that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market. (Armstrong and Kotler 2009).Marketing mix is essential for the company to develop the demand for its products. This can be collectivel y make by the four vital categories which are well-known as 4-Ps of marketing mix. The 4-Ps are namely Product, Price, Place and Promotion (Armstrong and Kotler 2009 83).Product Customer solutionProduct is a good or service offered or performed by an organization or individual, which is capable of satisfying customer needs (Jobber 2007 28).Brand name and QualityThe brand image is obtained by utilizing the fundamentals of marketing mix (Jobber 2007 332).Wendys/Arbys Group is the parent company of Wendys, and is a publicly traded company. Wendys Restaurant Group, Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Wendys/Arbys Group, Inc. Wendys/Arbys Group, Inc. is the franchisor of the Arbys and Wendys restaurant systems and trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol WEN. A change in the companys ownership set the course for menu expansion and a strengthened brand. On September 29, 2008, Triarc Companies Inc. merged with Wendys International, Inc. to form Wendys/Arbys Group, Inc. Wend ys/Arbys Group, Inc. is the third largest quick-service restaurant company in the United States.Wendys restructured its cleanliness standards, menu and other operable details to ensure that stores met the goals and standards of the parent company so that its franchises were competitive in the market.Wendys mission is to deliver superior quality products and services for their customers and communities through leadership, innovation and partnerships. Their vision is to be the quality leader in everything they do.Wendys has a strategic vision focused on these core values Quality Freshly-made products and superior service are their passion consistent excellence in customer service is their goal. All actions are guided by absolute honesty, fairness and respect for every individual. People (consumers) are the key to success they value all members of the diverse family for their individual contributions and their team achievements. Satisfying internal and external customers needs is the focus of everything they do. Continuous improvement is how they think and innovative change provides competitive opportunities.Features and VarietyThe Wendys menu features a variety of products that are stated below which are unique from its competitors.* Signature spliff beef, including Roast burger.* Market Fresh deli sandwiches.* Market Fresh salads.* Toasted subs.* Jamocha and specialty shakes.* Curly Fries and Side kickers.* Wendys featuresFrench friesas a primary side item, but also offers a number of options for side items/dips, includingsalads(side and Caesar side),chili,yogurtwithgranola,mandarin oranges, andbaked potatoes. In several markets, the customer may request any of these side items to be substituted for fries in its value meals.* In June 2006, Wendys removed their classic Biggie and also the Great Biggie sizes in favor of a more traditional sizing system like Small, Medium, and Large.* Frostydessert It is asoft serve ice creamdessert sold in chocolate or vanilla flavours. Also sold as a floatand a mix-in dessert called the Twisted Frosty.* In Japan, Wendys offers ared bean pasteand cheese sandwich called as an An Burger* Big Classic- It is a sandwich that directly competes with the Burger Kings Whopper.* Mayonnaise, lettuce, tomato,pickle, ketchup and onion served on aKaiser-style roll. A second version with bacon is available, called the Big Bacon Classic.* Baconator- with mayonnaise, 6 strips of bacon, two 1/4 pound (113.4 gram) patties, ketchup and two pieces of American cheese.* In Dec 2006, Wendys bodd out and stopped offering their fried Home style chicken strips in most of its U.S.locations. There is now a chicken club combo in the place of the strips, which features a Home style chicken patty, tasty chicken patty or a Grilled Chicken patty with Swiss cheese and also bacon. The Home style chicken strips are still available in parts of Canada.* In the Philippines they serve fried chicken, which forms staple at most fast food resta urants in that country.Price Customer costPrice is the amount of money customers must pay to obtain(buy) the product. (Armstrong and Kotler 2009 83). The price of any product partially highlights its quality.Pricing StrategyThe Pricing strategy primarily consists of* get to know the market.* Elasticity.* Keeping in pace with the competitors.* Because Price and Convenience are near universal throughout firms in the industry, Wendys must focus on neat the highly favored fast-food choice. Doing so will give customers more inclination to visit store locations.Place ConveniencePlace includes company activities that make the product available to target consumers. (Armstrong and Kotler 2009). The vital role of marketing is the process of how the product is being sent from seller to buyer.The means by which the products and services reach the consumer from the producer and where they can be accessed by the consumer. The more places to buy the product and the easier it is made to buy it, t he better for the business (and the consumer).AvailabilityApproximately 77% of Wendys restaurants are franchised, the majority of which are located in North America. Wendys and its affiliates employ more than 46,000 people in its global operations. While Wendys sets standards for exterior store appearance, food quality and menu, individual owners have control over hours of operations, interior decor, pricing and staff uniforms and wages.Wendys operates in 19 countries around the world while its headquarters is based in Dublin, Ohio. It operated in more countries, but closed down in some of them due to certain circumstances.InventoryWendys never uses frozen beef, its always fresh.Promotion CommunicationPromotion means activities that communicate the merits of the product and persuade target customers to buy it. (Armstrong and Kotler 2009).Different ways of promoting the product areAdvertisingAdvertising is a major phase of overall product or service development and management. Advert ising is specifically part of the outbound marketing activities, or activities geared to communicate to the market, e.g., advertising, promotions, public relations, etc.Wendys recently began a cross-promotion withNintendo. When you buy specific Wendys items you receive a code on that can be entered on the web siteFrostyFloat.comand be entered to win aWii. Wendys marketing arm engages inproduct placementin films (such asThe Day After Tomorrow,Mr. Deeds,Garfield The Movie, andClick) and television and is sometimes seen on ABCs hitreality showExtreme Makeover Home Editionserving food to the more than 100 construction workers. A recent Wendys commercial-grade features the tune from theViolent Femmessong Blister in the Sun.ScrubsstarZach Braffcan currently be heard invoiceoverin Wendys newest commercials. With the launch of the new ad campaign, Wendys has also unveiled a new slogan, Thats right.Few of the advertising slogans of Wendys are given belowUS Canada* 1970 passQuality Is Our Recipe* 1978Juicy hamburgers and lots of napkins* 1979 glowing-N-Juicy* 1980Wendys Has the Taste* 1981Aint No Reason to Go Anyplace Else* 1982Youre Wendys flesh of People* 1983Parts is parts* 1984Wheres the beef?* 1986Choose Fresh, choose Wendys* 1987Give a little nibble* Circa 1990The best burgers and a whole lot more(also was printed within the hamburger wrappers during the 1990s)* 1997 PresentEat great, even late* 2002Its hamburger bliss.* 2004Its better here* 2004Always Great, Even Late.* 2005 2007Do what tastes right.(primary slogan)* 2005 PresentIt takes flair to be square.* 2007Thats right.* 2007Uh Huh.* 2007Hot Juicy BurgersInternational* 1983Its the best time forWendys(Philippines)* 2000 (approx) PresentWe dont cut corners(New Zealand)* 2000 (approx) PresentWendys cuadra contigo(Wendys fits with you). The wordcuadra(fit) is a reference to the wordcuadrothat meanssquare(Venezuela)* 2001 (approx) PresentEl Sabor de lo Recien Hecho(The Flavor of the Brand New Made) (Honduras)* 2007 (approx) PresentWendys es Sensacional(Wendys is Sensational) (El Salvador)Personal sellingPersonal selling involves incentive programs, sales presentations and trade shows (Armstrong and Kotler 2009 383). Personal selling is oral communication with potential buyers of a product with the intention of making a sale. The personal selling may focus initially on developing a relationship with the potential buyer, but will always ultimately end with an attempt to close the salePersonal selling is one of the oldest forms of promotion. It involves the use of asales forceto support apush strategy(encouraging intermediaries to buy the product) or apull strategy(where the role of the sales force may be limited to supporting retailers and providing after-sales service).Sales PromotionSales promotion is any initiative undertaken by an organization to promote an increase in sales, usage or trial of a product or service. Sales promotions can be directed at either thecustomer, sal es staff, ordistributionchannel members (such asretailers). overt RelationsPublic relations can be used to build rapport withemployees,customers,investors,voters, or the general public. There are various kinds of public relations, but the most important are financial relations with public, product relations with public,and crisis public relations. Financial public relations providing information mainly to business reporters. Product public relations gaining publicity for a particular product or service (rather than using advertising). Crisis public relations responding to negative accusations or information. Wendys has their official worldwide websites where the it regularly updates information such as yearly annual report, products, interviews with management faculties etc.6.1.Ad

Patient-Focused Pharmacy Arguments

Patient-Focuse Pharmacy ArgumentsCatalysts For Change Will Pharmacy in the linked States Embrace Them?David A. Latif, M.B.A., Ph.D.OBJECTIVESTo presently discuss previous epitome change c wholes for pharmaceutics practice to move toward a more patient-focused profession, and to make the case that several catalysts atomic number 18 in protrude to move toward a more patient-focused profession in the near future.SUMMARYFrom Eugene Whites Office Based practice fashion model to Helpler and drawing strings Pharmaceutical C are model, during the past 50 age thither see been no shortage of expert advocates for the pharmacy profession moving toward a patient-focused one. The results so far have non been as optimal as many would have hoped. An argument is made that the confluence of the passage of the Affordable Care Act, apothecary manpower stability (and fear by many of an impending oversupply), and the imminent and future impact of mechanization and technology serve as excellen t catalysts to twist the profession to move much more rapidly toward the patient-focused care paradigm.CONCLUSIONThe profession must embrace the opportunities discussed regarding moving quickly toward the patient-focused paradigm. Although several barriers still exist, in particular in the community setting, it is difficult to see a path whereby pharmacy can rely on dispensing for its livelihood to the extent it has historically. Therefore, the profession has little woof but to embrace the federal agency of the pharmacotherapy expert in collaborative wellness care practice.During the past half century several authors have called for a paradigm change in the pharmacy profession away from a drug product focus to a more patient and clinically focus.1-7 From Eugene Whites concept of an office-based pharmacy practice in the early 1960s (in violation to the professions 1952 Code of Ethics) to Donald Brodies thoughtful Drug-Use Control in the 1969 to Hepler and Strands Pharmaceutical C are, in the late 1980s in that location has been no shortage of expert advocates espousing the need for pharmacists to reduce their reliance on the distributive serve well of prescription medicines and emphasize the cognitive component.2,5,6 The need for the paradigm shift revolved around several themes, including the following 1. To reduce preventable drug-related morbidity and mortality 2. To get hold the professionalization of pharmacy that was ameliorated due to the rise of prepackaged and premixed drugs after World War II and 3. To protect against future loss due to automation.1-7Despite this, especially in the community setting, there is wide-spread agreement that patient-focused care is not practiced as optimally and consistently as it could be practiced.8,9 In addition, historically there have been many barriers to patient-focused care, including time constraints at the community level.10 Perhaps the most significant barrier is the fact that pharmacies have not been reim bursed at a useful level for providing patient care service. 10,11 One major reason for the underwhelming changes relates to the fact that, with significant shortages of pharmacists during the recent past resulting in meaningful salary increases, there was not a sense of urgency to consistently and fundamentally change pharmacy practice. The situation may be different today due to at least(prenominal) two major factors. First, according to the Aggregate Demand Index (ADI) most of the United States is in balance with a minority of states in moderate demand.12 This contrasts to a high demand for pharmacists as recently as 2007.12 Contributing factors to this supply change include an unprecedented growth in both new schools and colleges of pharmacy, as well as significant expansion of current programs.13,14 Also, some go away argue that many pharmacists are working longer than they expected due in part to the Great Recession of 2008. A second reason for wherefore the situation may be different today has to do with the advances in automation and technology. Although there have been previous discussions regarding automation and technology and their impact on the profession, there is some evidence to suggest that the distributive function of pharmacy (i.e., dispensing) will be negatively impacted in the near and long term. A recent summary by Colvin regarding the advances made in technology spotlights the impact these advances may have on the world of work. 15 According to Colvin, the key question to ask is What can people do better than computers? For example, what impact will Googles autonomous car have on the future of trucking? What is happening to lawyers is a useful example of how technology can impact professional jobs. In the discovery phase of litigation, computers are much better than people for screening documents for relevance related to germane law cases. They are also better at predicting Supreme Court decisions than humans. That does not bode wel l for high salaries and full employment in the law profession. Watson, IBMs cognitive computing system, is not except smarter than we are, but has become 240% faster in the past 2 years In pharmacy, the robot at University of California at San Franciscos hospital has replaced all dispensing and has not had an error in 350,000 prescriptions.16 Although the hospital has not reduced its pharmacist staff it is possible that they could in the future. In addition, the technology can be used in other pharmacy organizations to potentially reduce the need for pharmacists.On a macro-economic level, economists struggle to explain why the 2008 economic recovery was so tepid. In past recessions, it has taken only 18 months for the U.S. economy to return to pre-recession levels. It has taken 77 months for the 2008 recession. Could advancing technology be a factor in why real wages have stagnated? Former Treasury secretary and economist Larry Summers recently stated 17Until a few years ago I didn t think this was a very complicated subject the Luddites were wrong, and the debaters in technology and technological progress were right. Im not so totally certain now. We now have the lowest work participation in decades for those in the 25 to 54 age range. Why?What is the answer in pharmacy to the question What jobs can humans do better than computers? Certainly, pharmacists cannot dispense prescriptions better than computers. But pharmacists can perform the non-routine task of patient-focused care better than computers (although some believe that future automation will include robots that can show empathy and emotion). Quality investigations such as the Ashville Project have demonstrated that pharmacists can reduce health care costs and improve patients medication therapy outcomes.18 Despite these successes, due to a myriad of reasons such as lack of consistent reimbursement for pharmacist services, many pharmacists clinical skills remain underutilized. Interestingly, former A PhA President Bruce R. Canadays gave a thought provoking inaugural address on March 21, 2006 when he stated the dilemma veneer the pharmacy profession.19 He stated that pharmacy needs to change its model of practice Because if we dont, we could become extinct, with our roles in the health care system replaced or eliminated.19 He cogently argued that optimal medication order fulfillment can be done from anywhere in the world therefore not ever-changing may result in the pharmacists job being marginalized. Since 2006, automation and technology have become more advanced. Paradigm changes often are precipitated by catalysts for change. The catalysts today present tremendous opportunities for pharmacists to utilize their previous underutilized skills in optimizing patients complex medication management therapy. In addition to the threat on pharmacists jobs from external medication order fulfillment serving as a catalyst to change, provisions stemming from the Affordable Care Act (ACA) t hat includes Accountable Care Organizations (ACO) and Patient touch Medical Homes (PCMH) may serve as meaningful catalysts.20,21 These provisions have the goal of reducing costs while improving quality. Because of ACA, millions of more citizens and residents of the United States have health insurance. Subsequently, the aforementioned opportunities exist for many health professions, including pharmacists, to optimize patients health outcomes. To realize these opportunities, a necessary first step is to be recognized as a Health Care Provider under Social Security. Then, the profession must find a consistent way to get paid for their services in a consistent manner. Because of the Pay-For-Performance incentive programs inherent in ACA the environment is amenable to the cost-saving pharmacist services that pharmacists can excel at. White and Latif presented a model that could work where the pharmacist (with residency training) works as the pharmacotherapy expert in physicians offices throughout the United States.22-24 These highly skilled pharmacists would initiate and monitor patients complex medication management outcomes. About a third of primary care physicians time is spent with chronic medication patients.25 By combining the physicians expertness (diagnosis) with the pharmacists expertise (optimal pharmacotherapy outcomes) the synergy gained may optimize patient outcomes and reduce health care costs due to drug misadventures. White and Latif discussed the changes needed for such a model to work.22-24The United States spends approximately 50% more on health care than the next most expensive country, Norway.26 If health care were a country, it would be tied with France for the 5th largest economy. The rate of increase of health care expenditures is unsustainable. At its current pace, 50% of our GDP could go to health care by 2070 Therefore, there will be intense pressure on the industry to reduce its costs. In addition to nurse practitioners and physician as sistants, pharmacists can play a of the essence(p) role in reducing health care costs. Despite the aforementioned positives for pharmacy three key issues remain to be seen 1. Will pharmacy be awarded Provider status in the near term? 2. If and when they are awarded Provider status, will they be able to consistently procure fair reimbursement for services that come through the health care system money? and 3. Assuming s one and two come to fruition, will the United States need as many pharmacists as pharmacy schools are producing? It could be that highly trained pharmacists will add significant value to the health care system, but because the dispensing function ameliorates fewer pharmacists are needed.In summary, healthcare and pharmacy has and will continue the change. Health care costs must be reduced in the coming decades or the United States economy will collapse (i.e., it is not possible to have 30 to 50% of GDP going to Health Care). The next 5 to 10 years will be critical f or the pharmacy profession. Because it is difficult to see a path whereby pharmacy can rely on dispensing for its livelihood to the extent it has historically, pharmacy has little choice but to embrace the role of the pharmacotherapy expert in collaborative health care practice. As former APhA president Canady stated regarding the ersatz Because if we dont, we could become extinct, with our roles in the health care system replaced or eliminated. 19REFERENCESWhite EV. An interesting pharmacy. VA Pharm 196246(3)24-7.White EV. How the family medication record was originated. Pharm Times. 1971 34-37.White EV. The teaching of the family prescription record system. Am Pharm Assoc. 1973 NS13 357-359.Hepler, CD. Pharmacy as a clinical profession Am J of Hosp Pharm. 1985 42, 1298-1306Hepler, CD, Strand LM Opportunities and responsibilities in pharmaceutical care. Am J of Hospital Pharmacy.1990 47(3), 533-543.Brodie, DC, Drug Utilization and Drug Utilization Review and Control, U. S. Depart . of health, education and welfare, 1969.Knapp, DA, Wolf, HH, Knapp DE. The pharmacist as a drug adviser, J Am Pharm Assoc. 1969, 502-505.De new-fashioned M. A review of the research on pharmacists patient-communication views and practices. AJPE, 1996, 60, 60-77.Shah B, Chewning B, Conceptualizing and measuring pharmacist-patient communication a review of published studies. Res Social Adm Pharm. 3006, Jun 2(2) 153-85.Raisch DW., Barriers to providing cognitive services. Am Pharmacy. Vol, NS33(12), 54-58.Scott MA, Hitch B, Raye L, Colvin B. integrating of pharmacists into a patient-centered medical home. J Am Pharm Assoc.201151(2)161-166.Aggregate Demand Index, Pharmacymanpower.com. Accessed Jun 15, 2014.http//www.aacp.org/about/pages/vitalstats.aspx. Accessed June 15, 2014.Brown D., From shortage to surplus The hazards of uncontrolled academic growth. Am J of Pharm Educ., 2010 74(10) bind 185.Colvin G., In the future will there be any work left for people to do? Fortune, June 2, 2014.Rush-Monroe K., New UCSF robotic pharmacy aims to improve patient safety.March 7, 2011. www.ucsf.edu. Accessed on July 20, 2014.Summers L. The 2013 Martin Feldstein lecture. National Bureau of Economic Research. 2013(4).Cranor CW, Bunting BA, Christensen DB. The Ashville Project Long-term clinical and economic outcomes of a long-term community pharmacy diabetes care program.J Am Pharm Assoc.200343(2)173-84CanadayBR. fetching the fork in the roadand changing the worldJ Am Pharm Assoc.20064654850Abelson R. The face of future health care. The New York Times. March 20, 2013. Accessed June 5, 2014. smith M, Bates DW, Bodenheimer T, Cleary PD. Why pharmacists belong in the medical home. Health Aff (Millwood). 201029906913.White EV, Latif DA. Office-based pharmacy practice Past, Present, and Future. Annals of Pharmacotherapy. 2006 40 1409-1414.Latif DA, White EV. Reengineering pharmacotherapy delivery to maximize the role of the pharmacist and improve patient outcomes. Research in So c and Admin Pharm. 2007 3 223-235.White EV, Latif DA. Restructuring the role of the community pharmacist. J Am Pharm Assoc.2006 46(5) 532-35.Ghorob A, Bodenheimer T. Sharing the care to improve feeler to primary care. N Engl J Med. 201236619551957.Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(2010),OECD Health Data,OECD Health Statistics(database). doi 10.1787/data-00350-en (Accessed on 14 February 2011).

Views on Poetry and Other Art Forms in Emersons The Poet :: Emerson Poet Essays

Views on Poetry and Other Art Forms in Emersons The Poet Emersons The Poet An Essay, is packed with statements, and ideas that contradict each other in many ways. His use of lofty language and ego driven ideals are built to confuse the average reader and are clearly not meant for the advise of entertainment. As a reader, I found the text to be confusing and unfounded in its theories more or less mans connection with nature. Firstly, Emerson starts right off by throwing a wrench in his own works. His description of admirers of fine art and sculpture is nothing more than a generality. One cannot make such sweeping statements just about a group of people. There are always exceptions to the rule. I am sure that many admirers of fine art know a lot about the subject and have very good reasons for liking what they do. Not only does Emerson slam the artistic elite, but his whole essay is an embodiment of the ideals he is nerve-racking to dispel in these first few sentences. Emers on treats poetry in the exact same manner in which he scoffs at in the beginning of the essay. The beginning feels that The true poet is our closest connection with nature. I am very sure that there are people who admire paintings of a fine nature scene, and they surely feel that it is our closest connection with nature. Words are not the only way to express oneself in a connecting way with nature. This brings me to another sweeping generalization that Emerson makes in the body of this essay. He actually makes the statement that words to a song are not poetry in a sense. Being a musician, I strongly disagree with such a statement. Song lyrics can be just as touching as any other attribute of poetry. In fact, this type of poetry has another added bonus besides the words. This is called music music itself can even stand alone in painting a very vibrant picture of nature with no words at all. This is more of an accomplishment, because the author is not allowed to use words in h is sound painting. Music that describes nature without the use of language is still using symbolism to convey the connection between man and nature. The difference is that a violin might symbolize the wind instead of a bunch of words.

William Faulkner Essay -- Biography

The South is cognise for its many astounding artists, novelists, and writers however, William Faulkner is uniquely categorized by many as one of the most influential writers of the twentieth century. Faulkner became known for his diction and literary techniques. William Faulkner chronicled the history of manuscript however, his choice of universal themes made him a literary giant around the world. Faulkner achieved many great accomplishments without a lavishly school diploma or college degree. Faulkner had proved to the world that Southern writers were not as substandard as many viewed them to be. They were, in fact, quite phenomenal. William Faulkner born on September 25, 1897 to Murry Cuthbert Falkner, a railroad employee and Maud Butler, an amateur painter (Minter, 755). Faulkner was born in New Albany, manuscript however, he spent most of his life in Oxford, Mississippi (Polk, 55). In Oxford, Faulkner began listening to many stories told at small family gatherings as well a s large reunions. Many stories told by Faulkners family originated from adventures of Faulkners great-grandfather, Colonel William Clark Falkner . Since Faulkner was disappointed and abash by the meager success of his own father, he drew closer to his grandfather, but it was his great-grandfather who he saw as a model and rival ( Minter, 755). Faulkner was an delicate student throughout the first several grades however, he quit school in 1915 without a diploma disappointing his family. Even though Faulkner dropped out of school, he read avidly (Minter, 755). Faulkner made a habit of hanging around places where people gathered to swap tales later Faulkner began writing about north Mississippi , a friend remarked that, he seemed to know e... ...y two of his novels received Pulitzer Prizes. In 1924 Faulkner received the Nobel Prize for literature for his unique contribution to the modern American novel. After Faulkner donated his Nobel winnings to establish a fund to support an d encourage new fiction writers, the PEN/Faulkner Award for fiction was established. Whenever Faulkners involvement in the primeval phases of the civil rights movement evoked, he and Estelle moved to Charlottesville, Virginia , where Faulkner became writer-in-residence at the university of Virginia (minter, 760).In conclusion, William Faulkner, the Southern writer , Nobel and Pulitzer prize winner, sweep the nation with his diction and literary techniques. With his fictional stories he laid literary hands on Mississippi and narrated the universe throughout its culture. His universal themes made him a literary giant around the world.

Abortion - Pro-choice Philosophy and Abstinence :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Pro-choice Philosophy and Abstinence We recognize no single, universal, intention moral truth that determines our moral decisions. On the contrary, we must consider a broad range of values whenever we seek to make wise, ethical, and compassionate choices. We respect a womans moral capacity to make decisions regarding her health and welfare, including reproductive decisions. A womans choices ponder how she weighs her various life circumstances her important relationships, her economic, social, and emotional re man-made lakes and obligations, her health, her religious or philosophical beliefs, and the well-being of others for whom she has responsibility. We live out our destinies in a world of large and profound complexity, where claims upon our compassion and our judgment compete and often conflict. A woman prize the preciousness of human life by acknowledging and honoring the intricate arras of her relationships and commitments indeed, we believe that the complexity of human life can be a source of moral wisdom and courage. The womans ability to choose is rooted in her single(a) conscience, not in her adherence to ancient religious superstitious beliefs. In zeal for hearings on the renewal of the federal abstinence-only study provision, the National Coalition Against security review and 35 endorsing organizations, including the National Education Association, the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States and the aforethought(ip) Parenthood Federation of America, launched the Campaign Against Abstinence-Only Education. In a joint direction released yesterday, the groups said that they are deeply concerned nigh publicly funded sexuality education programs that restrict students access to information and limit learning to one pass message active human sexuality. Students should be allowed to make up their own minds about whether to remain virgin, whether to engage in sexual promiscuity, whether to follow parental advice or not, and countless other issues related to human sexuality. The statement also said that a provision in federal law mandating abstinence-only education in schools is security review of sexual information because it does not give students access to condoms, to contraceptive pills and devices,and it silences speech about sexual orientation, as well as limiting the students free conceptualisation of their sexual rights in other ways.Abortion - Pro-choice Philosophy and Abstinence Argumentative Persuasive TopicsPro-choice Philosophy and Abstinence We recognize no single, universal, objective moral truth that determines our moral decisions. On the contrary, we must consider a broad range of values whenever we seek to make wise, ethical, and compassionate choices. We respect a womans moral capacity to make decisions regarding her health and welfare, including reproductive decisions. A womans choices reflect how she weighs her various life circumstances her important relationships, her eco nomic, social, and emotional resources and obligations, her health, her religious or philosophical beliefs, and the well-being of others for whom she has responsibility. We live out our destinies in a world of vast and profound complexity, where claims upon our compassion and our judgment compete and often conflict. A woman respects the preciousness of human life by acknowledging and honoring the intricate tapestry of her relationships and commitments indeed, we believe that the complexity of human life can be a source of moral wisdom and courage. The womans ability to choose is rooted in her individual conscience, not in her adherence to ancient religious superstitious beliefs. In preparation for hearings on the renewal of the federal abstinence-only education provision, the National Coalition Against Censorship and 35 endorsing organizations, including the National Education Association, the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the United States and the Planned Parenthoo d Federation of America, launched the Campaign Against Abstinence-Only Education. In a joint statement released yesterday, the groups said that they are deeply concerned about publicly funded sexuality education programs that restrict students access to information and limit learning to one approved message about human sexuality. Students should be allowed to make up their own minds about whether to remain virgin, whether to engage in sexual promiscuity, whether to follow parental advice or not, and countless other issues related to human sexuality. The statement also said that a provision in federal law mandating abstinence-only education in schools is censorship of sexual information because it does not give students access to condoms, to contraceptive pills and devices,and it silences speech about sexual orientation, as well as limiting the students free expression of their sexual rights in other ways.

Dancing with Athena :: Personal Narrative Teaching Essays

Dancing with Athena I shall always remember the new-kid-in-school feeling that came flooding back from childhood on my get-go day of student teaching. Having been in my share of new environments, I have learned deeply the power of a first impression. That first day I made it a point to look into the eyes of the young people in my classes, ignore the butterflies of trepidation fluttering in my gut, and grinning bravely. Most students smiled back, some curious, others confident. Some appeared quiet guarded, while a fair number wore their seventh-grade brand of defiance and hostility on their sleeves like a badge. over the course of my ten weeks with them, I learned to better read those faces. Students who appeared receptive or open might instead be thoroughly, benevolently disengaged. Some of those students who were quietly guarded at first needed only an invitation to open up. Others remained locked behind walls of resistance. This last disposition was the most chall enging one for me to decipher into its constituent parts. creation always up for a challenge, I took it upon myself to discover my way into their bunker and understand their need for protection. I ascertained quickly that my mentor teacher took a very traditional tact in her teaching style. The division of responsibility in her seventh-grade classroom was very clear. She engaged in what Bridging English authors Joseph O. and Lucy F.M. Milner, term wide lecture and linear explication, while students engaged in individual seat work (347-8). That is, the teacher went over the lessons from the book, then students were expected to complete their exercises quietly in class, pass them in, and go on to the next period. Very little attention, in my opinion, was paid to the individual or community learning needs of children in this classroom. I observed no real opportunity for students to take ownership of their learning process. Each group of students responded differently to this t raditional approach. The high achievers class was frustrated and bored. The cellular inclusion class, a group which included students with specific learning disabilities mainstreamed into a general education class, largely accepted the autocratic system and most functioned so-so well within its expectations. The last two periods of the day were general education classes.

Schizophrenia Essay -- Schizophrenia Essays

During the 1950s, mentally disordered people who were harmful to societyand themselves could be treated with medications and were able to return safelyto their communities. During the 1980s, the cost of health attending increased morethan any other cost in our national economy. As a result, strategic planninghas been made to reduce costs. The political finis made todeinstitutionalize chronic mental patients started with the appearance ofphenothiazine medications. Dramatically reducing the instability influenced bypsychosis, these medications were of great significance to many individuals withserious mental disorders. At both the state and federal levels, legislatorslooked at the high cost of long-term psychiatric hospitalization. Socialscientists guaranteed them that familiarity-based care would be in the bestinterests of all refer the mentally ill and the general, tax-paying public(Barry 13). It was believed that a social breakdown syndrome would develop ininveterate mentally il l persons who were institutionalized. Thecharacteristics of this syndrome were submission to authority, withdrawal, lackof initiative, and excessive addiction on the institution.While deinstitutionalization was kindhearted in its primary logic, theactual execution of the concept has been greatly undermined by the lack of goodcommunity alternatives. At this condemnation a large amount of the individuals usingcommunity mental health treatment services are the homeless. Nearly half of thehomeless are chronically mental ill. These individuals are often separated fromtheir families and all alone on the dangerous street. These homelessschizophrenics stay away from social structures such as community healthtreatment centers. Since they start a new life of independence they often stoptaking their medications, become psychotic and away of place, and begin to briskon the street. Since the schizophrenics are deinstitutionalized they are throwninto a whole new adult male of independence. S ince their brain functions differentthan the usual human being they cant cope with the problems of life. Theschizophrenics start out themselves crazy wanting to kill themselves and others inorder to escape from this perplexing world.Schizophrenia is the most common psychoses i... ...around because states areclosing their mental institutes for financial reasons. even up though the cost ofmental institutes are high, the schizophrenics are better off being kept in thembecause they could cause a huge uproar on the streets. Without the mentalinstitutes the schizophrenics will get worse because they are unable to liveindependently. Many schizophrenics might even be harmful to society becausetheir brain is out of control. The paranoid schizophrenics could go on arampage and try to kill everyone in sight because they think that everyone isout to hurt them. This could be the future of our world if we dont take timeto treat these schizophrenics who desperately need it no matter what the co st.Works Cited Barry, Patricia D. Mental Health and Mental Illness. PhiladelphiaJ. B. Lippincott,1994. Coon, Dennis. Introduction to Psychology. New York West publish Company, 1995 McCuen, Gary E. Treating the Mentally Disabled.Hudson, Wisconsin Gary E.McCuen, 1988. Varcarolis, Elizabeth M. Psychiatric Mental HealthNursing. Philadelphia W. B.Saunders, 1990.